Везде
Ossetic comitative markers in intragenetic and areal perspective
Table of contents
Annotation Estimate Publication content
References Comments
Share
QR
Metrics
Ossetic comitative markers in intragenetic and areal perspective
Annotation
PII
10.31857/0373-658X.2023.6.67-102
DOI
10.31857/0373-658X.2023.6.67-102
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Irina Khomchenkova 
Affiliation:
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russia, Moscow
Oleg Belyaev
Affiliation:
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russia, Moscow
Edition
Issue 6
Pages
67-102
Abstract

The article is dedicated to the description of comitative markers in Ossetic. First, we compare the distribution of basic comitative markers (which are used in prototypical comitative contexts like ‘Alan went to the mountains with Soslan’) in Iron and Digor Ossetic (the case marker -imæ and the postposition xæccæ, respectively). It is demonstrated that their usage contexts are similar overall, with the exception of plural pronoun constructions and attributive constructions, where the Digor postposition xæccæ has limited use. Second, we analyze the preposition æd, which exists in both language varieties. It is different from the basic comitative markers both in syntax and in semantics. It is typical in the context of “complete set” (e.g., ‘throw away the pot together with the flower’), thus being a socalled “holistic” comitative, like certain markers in some Uralic and Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages. The preposition æd also has a limited syntactic distribution, attaching mostly to nouns without dependents. The properties of æd also differ in Iron and Digor: in Digor, æd is more widespread in attributive constructions, and, unlike Iron, is used in coordinating constructions with double marking. Third,we discuss comitative markers in Iranian and in languages areally close to Ossetic in connection with the untypical semantics of æd. No reliable semantic counterparts to æd are found in Iranian. However, Georgian, which is found in the same linguistic area as Ossetic, has the marker -ian-ad, used in contexts similar to those where Ossetic æd is typical.

Keywords
Caucasian area,comitative,Iranian,language contacts,Ossetic
Acknowledgment

The research has been supported by Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-18-00285. We are grateful to all native speakers of Ossetic thanks to whom we could collect all the field data discussed in the article in 2022–2023, particularly to Elvira Gutieva (V. I. Abaev North Ossetian Institute for the Humanities and Social Research), Elmira Gutieva (North Ossetian State University) and Madina Darchieva (V. I. Abaev North Ossetian Institute for the Humanities and Social Research), without whom our work would not have been possible. We are particularly grateful for the data of Digor to Fedar Takazov and Natalia Dzagurova (V. I. Abaev North Ossetian Institute for the Humanities and Social Research). We would also like to thank an anonymous reviewer for their comments, as well as Artyom Badeev for his helpful remarks on the Avestan data and Ketevan Gadilia for her consultations on Georgian. All errors are our own.

Received
15.08.2023
Date of publication
22.12.2023
Number of purchasers
8
Views
41
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Cite   Download pdf
1

1

References

1. Абаев 1958 — ​Abaev V. I. Istoriko-etimologicheskii slovar’ osetinskogo yazyka [Historical-etymological dictionary of Ossetic]. Vol. 1: A–K. Moscow; Leningrad: Press of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1958.

2. Абаев 1981/1995 — ​Abaev V. I. Scythian-Uralic isoglosses. Izbrannye trudy. Vol. 2. Obshchee i sravnitel’no-istoricheskoe yazykoznanie. Vladikavkaz: Ir, 1995.

3. Абаев 1989 — ​Abaev V. I. Istoriko-etimologicheskii slovar’ osetinskogo yazyka [Historical etymological dictionary of Ossetic]. Vol. 4: U–Z. Leningrad: Nauka, 1989.

4. Архипов 2009 — ​Arkhipov A. V. Tipologiya komitativnykh konstruktsii [Typology of comitative constructions]. Moscow: Znak, 2009.

5. Ахвледиани (ред.) 1963 — ​Akhvlediani G. S. (ed.). Grammatika osetinskogo yazyka [Ossetic grammar]. Vol. 1: Fonetika i morfologiya [Phonetics and morphology]. Ordzhonikidze: Research Institute under the Council of Ministers of the North Ossetian ASSR, 1963.

6. Багаев 1965 — ​Bagaev N. K. Sovremennyi osetinskii yazyk [ModernOssetic]. Part I: Fonetika i morfologiya [Phonetics and morphology]. Ordzhonikidze: North Ossetian Press, 1965.

7. Багаев 1982 — ​Bagaev N. K. Sovremennyi osetinskii yazyk [Modern Ossetic]. Part 2: Sintaksis [Syntax]. Ordzhonikidze: Ir, 1982.

8. Баскаков (ред.) 1976 — ​Baskakov N. A. (ed.). Grammatika karachaevo-balkarskogo yazyka. Fonetika, morfologiya, sintaksis. [A grammar of Karachay-Balkar. Phonetics, morphology, syntax]. Nalchik: El’brus, 1976.

9. Беляев, Хомченкова 2022 — ​Belyaev O. I., Khomchenkova I. A. Noun phrase conjunction in Ossetic. Rhema, 2022, 4: 32–54.

10. Володин 1976 — ​Volodin A. P. Itel’menskii yazyk [Itelmen]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1976.

11. Выдрин, Мазурова 2020 — ​Vydrin A. P., Mazurova Ju. V. Comitatives in Ossetic. VAProsy yazykoznaniya. Megasbornik nanostatei. Sb. st. k yubileyu V. A. Plungyana. Kibrik A. A., Semionova X. P., Sitchinava D. V., Tatevosov S. G., Urmanchieva A. Yu. (eds.). Moscow: Buki Vedi, 2020, 581–587.

12. Гагкаев 1952 — ​Gagkaev K. E. Ocherk grammatiki osetinskogo yazyka [A sketch of Ossetic grammar]. Dzaudzhikau: State Press of the North Ossetian ASSR, 1952.

13. Герценберг 1965 — ​Gertsenberg L. G. Khotanosakskii yazyk [Khotanese Saka]. Moscow: Nauka, 1965.

14. Грюнберг, Стеблин-Каменский 1976 — ​Gryunberg A. L., Steblin-Kamenskii I. M. Vakhanskii yazyk: Teksty, slovar’, grammaticheskii ocherk [Wakhi: Texts, dictionary, grammar sketch]. Moscow: Nauka, 1976.

15. Даниэль 2000 — ​Daniel M. A. Tipologiya assotsiativnoi mnozhestvennosti [Typology of associative plurality]. Candidate diss. Moscow: Russian State Univ. for the Humanities, 2000.

16. Жукова 1972 — ​Zhukova A. N. Grammatika koryakskogo yazyka [Koryak grammar]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1972.

17. Коляденков, Заводова (ред.) 1962 — ​Kolyadenkov M. N., Zavodovа R. A. (eds.). Grammatika mordovskikh (mokshanskogo i erzyanskogo) yazykov [Grammar of Mordvin languages (Moksha and Erzya)]. Part 1: Fonetika i morfologiya [Phonetics and morphology]. Saransk: Press of Mordovia, 1962.

18. Курдоев 1957 — ​Kurdoev K. K. Grammatika kurdskogo yazyka (kurmandzhi). Fonetika. Morfologiya [Grammar of Kurmanji Kurdish: Phonetics, morphology]. Moscow; Leningrad: Press of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957.

19. Оранский 1976 — ​Oranskii I. M. Tajik kati / ​qati — ​Ossetic xæccæ. Iranskoe yazykoznanie. Istoriya, etimologiya, tipologiya. K 75-letiyu prof. V. I. Abaeva. Rastorgueva V. S. (ed.). Moscow: Nauka, 1976, 148–159.

20. Пахалина 1975 — ​Pakhalina T. N. Vakhanskii yazyk [Wakhi]. Moscow: Nauka, 1975.

21. Перкова 2016 — ​Perkova N. V. Latvian comitative constructions in an areal perspective. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, 2016, 1: 186–192.

22. Расторгуева, Эдельман 2007 — ​Rastorgueva V. S., Edelman D. I. Etimologicheskii slovar’ iranskikh yazykov [Etymological dictionary of Iranian languages]. Vol. 3: f–h. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, 2007.

23. Соколов 1979 — ​Sokolov S. N. Language of the Avesta. Osnovy iranskogo yazykoznaniya. Drevneiranskie yazyki. Rastorgueva V. S., Abaev V. I., Bogolyubov M. N. (eds.). Moscow: Nauka, 1979.

24. Сайнахова 1966 — ​Saynakhova A. I. Sluzhebnye slova v mansiiskom yazyke [Functional words in Mansi]. Candidate diss. Moscow: Institute of Linguistics, 1966.

25. Соколова, Смирнова 2005 — ​Sokolova V. S. Avesta. Opyt morfologicheskoi transkriptsii i perevod [The Avesta: An essay in morphological transcription and translation]. Smirnova I. A. (ed.). Saint Petersburg: Nauka, 2005.

26. Стеблин-Каменский 1999 — ​Steblin-Kamenskii I. M. Etimologicheskii slovar’ vakhanskogo yazyka [Etymological dictionary of Wakhi]. St. Petersburg: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, 1999.

27. Стеблин-Каменский 2009 — ​Steblin-Kamenskii I. M. (ed.). Gaty Zaratushtry [The Gathas of Zarathushtra]. St. Petersburg: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, 2009.

28. Хаджилаев 1962 — ​Khadzhilaev Kh.-M. I. Poslelogi i poslelozhno-imennye slova v karachaevo-balkarskom yazyke [Postpositions and postpositional-nominal words in Karachay-Balkar]. Cherkessk: Karachay-Cherkessian Press, 1962.

29. Хомченкова 2019 — ​Khomchenkova I. A. The affix -ge in Hill Mari: between a comitative and an additive particle. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, 2019, 1: 405–438.

30. Хомченкова 2022 — ​Khomchenkova I. A. Comitative preposition æd in Ossetic. Izvestiya SOIGSI, 2022, 46(85): 126–134.

31. Хромов 1972 — ​Khromov A. L. Yagnobskii yazyk [Yaghnobi]. Moscow: Nauka, 1972.

32. Хромов 1978 — ​Khromov A. L. Means of expressing comitative relations in Sogdian. Aktual’nye problemy iranskoi filologii. Tbilisi: Tbilisi Univ. Press, 1978.

33. Bartholomae 1904/1961 — ​von Bartholomae Ch. Altiranisches Wörterbuch. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1961.

34. Beekes 1988 — ​Beekes R. S. P. A grammar of Gatha-Avestan. Leiden: Brill, 1988.

35. Belyaev 2010 — ​Belyaev O. Evolution of case in Ossetic. Iran and the Caucasus, 2010, 14(2): 287–322.

36. Benveniste 1929 — ​Benveniste É. Essai de grammaire sogdienne, deuxième partie. Paris: Librairie orientaliste Paul Geutner, 1929.

37. David 2014 — ​David A. B. Descriptive grammar of Pashto and its dialects. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014.

38. Dunn 1999 — ​Dunn M. A grammar of Chukchi. Ph.D. diss. Acton: Australian National Univ., 1999.

39. Emmerick 1965 — ​Emmerick R. E. Syntax of the cases in Khotanese. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1965, 28(1): 24–33.

40. Emmerick 1968 — ​Emmerick R. E. (ed.). The Book of Zambasta: A Khotanese poem on Buddhism. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1968.

41. Erschler 2012 — ​Erschler D. From preverbal focus to preverbal “left periphery”: The Ossetic clause architecture in areal and diachronic perspective. Lingua, 2012, 122(6): 673–699.

42. Erschler 2019 — ​Erschler D. A new argument for existence of the DP in languages without articles. Journal of Linguistics, 2019, 55(4): 879–887.

43. Fekete 2013 — ​Fekete I. Hungarian gyerekestül vs. gyerekkel (‘with [the] kid’). Hungarian Cultural Studies, 2013, 6.

44. Gershevitch 1954 — ​Gershevitch I. A grammar of Manichean Sogdian. Oxford: Blackwell, 1954.

45. Gholami 2014 — ​Gholami S. Selected features of Bactrian grammar. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2014.

46. Haspelmath 1998 — ​Haspelmath M. The semantic development of old presents. Diachronica 1998, 15(1): 29–62.

47. Hintze 2009 — ​Hintze A. Avestan literature. The literature of pre-Islamic Iran. Emmerick R. E., Macuch M. (eds.). London: I. B. Tauris, 2009, 1–71.

48. Insler 1975 — ​Insler S. The Gāthās of Zarathustra. Leiden: Brill, 1975.

49. Kellens, Pirart — ​Kellens J., Pirart É. Les textes vieil-avestiques. Vols. I–III. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1988–1991.

50. MacKenzie 1970 — ​MacKenzie D. N. The ‘Sūtra of the Causes and Effects of Actions’ in Sogdian. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1970.

51. Malandra 2014 — ​Sraoša. Encyclopædia Iranica, online edn., 2014. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sraosa

52. Martínez, de Vaan 2014 — ​Martínez J., de Vaan M. Introduction to Avestan. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

53. Mohammadirad, Rasekh-Mahand 2017 — ​Mohammadirad M., Rasekh-Mahand M. Instrumental semantic map in Western Iranian languages. STUF — ​Language Typology and Universals, 2017, 70: 579–610.

54. Obrtelová 2019 — ​Obrtelová J. From oral to written: A text-linguistic study of Wakhi narratives. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2019.

55. Serdobolskaya, Belyaev 2022 — ​Serdobolskaya N., Belyaev O. Dative external possessors in Ossetic. Proc. of the LFG’22 Conf. Butt M., Findlay J. Y., Toivonen I. (eds.). Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2022, 325–344.

56. Sheffield 2005 — ​Sheffield D. J. The Wizirgerd ī Dēnīg and the Evil Spirit: Questions of authenticity in post-classical Zoroastrianism. Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 2005, 19: 181–189.

57. Sims-Williams 2000 — ​Sims-Williams N. Bactrian documents from Northern Afghanistan I: Legal and Economic Documents. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2000.

58. Sims-Williams 2007 — ​Sims-Williams N. Bactrian documents from Northern Afghanistan II: Letters and Buddhist texts. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007.

59. Sims-Williams 2021 — ​Sims-William N. A dictionary: Christian Sogdian, Syriac and English. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2021.

60. Sirola-Belliard 2011 — ​Sirola-Belliard M. Is there a future for the Finnish comitative  Arguments against the putative synonymy of the comitative case -ine and the postposition kanssa. Case, animacy and semantic roles. Kittilä S., Västi K., Ylikoski J. (eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2011, 135–153.

61. Skjærvø 2009 — ​Skjærvø P. O. Old Iranian. The Iranian languages. Windfuhr G. (ed.). London: Routledge, 2009, 43–195.

62. Stolz et al. 2006 — ​Stolz T., Stroh C., Urdze A. On Comitatives and Related Categories: A typological study with special focus on the languages of Europe. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2006.

63. Thordarson 2009 — ​Thordarson F. Ossetic grammatical studies. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009.

64. Vogt 1971 — ​Vogt H. Grammaire de la langue géorgienne. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1971.

65. Wagner-Nagy 2019 — ​Wagner-Nagy B. A grammar of Nganasan. Leiden: Brill, 2019.

66. Weber 1983 — ​Weber D. A. Grammar of Huallaga (Huanuco) Quechua. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1983.

67. Wolff 1910 — ​Wolff F. (transl.). Avesta: Die heiligen Bücher der Parsen. Strassburg: Trübner, 1910.

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate